即將消逝的技術-螺鈿工藝
曾經在爺爺奶奶家,被鑲嵌著五彩繽紛的貝殼木作家具而目不轉睛嗎?
在台灣七八零年代,股市破萬點大關時,家裡都流行要擺設一組螺鈿家具呢~
而這樣一個絢麗的裝飾方式正慢慢消失在我們的生活中,
藉由這篇文章的分享,將介紹螺鈿工藝的開始、發展、興盛、到沒落~
就讓我們多多了解這樣一個即將失傳的技術-"螺鈿工藝"。
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ2JXcsPapB1giuVG3RI7IKmJhepUz0fAmjUr9FOjY3a0nHF2KSqEN1Avd6vpn-nor5oJDSfCQHkncwrW_ZLR3-0XgS512PIdNI4AL5PqKdzn-yvq7cchqy_X3RQ4piaZ_LV0nvkKKvRs/s640/668026_13629634279537.jpg)
螺鈿,又稱螺甸、螺填、鈿嵌,是一種在漆器或木器上鑲嵌貝殼或螺螄殼的裝飾工藝,也用於金屬和其他表面的裝飾。
螺鈿片的材料主要包括九孔貝、珍珠貝、養珠貝、文貝等等,依照製作工序和貝殼厚度的不同可以分為厚螺鈿和薄螺鈿兩大類。
厚螺鈿又稱作硬螺鈿,製作厚度約2mm~3mm,在製作時需要有鑲嵌的動作。其色澤多為牙黃、白色,清新高雅。
薄螺鈿則又稱作軟螺鈿,先將貝類材料製作成薄如紙張的螺片(通常指1mm以下),再以點黏的方式附著在木器上。薄螺鈿色彩絢麗,我們常見到來自日本、韓國的螺鈿製品多屬此類。
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYKk94uNI38d1vN9IBKU1kXxmPlp2ai01Tns7aCRnZ6QCaxCLPy7v0V983rA4i_3O2EUEG8pTgJWABZCpGc3FtoVYu_mQvcq9H8MKPvqR6Csa9tQI4xld8WT0O3B35aBErbQwKmac0ABE/s640/20130501152421_img1_16.jpg)
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<鑲嵌彩繪獸面鳳鳥紋>
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVbRHysE6eZgOoN1g3jLWFyFNDat-mcJF632qPBBgYwkRii7lxDzYnvEd7ccJlkvHco6dpD-qUssukuaW2cQEN0bRJOmTe-2TzgawnQchzsOJfOEpgV7LwQygP5domqYFdXiyb7_Qbh2c/s640/%25E5%25BD%25A9%25E7%25BB%2598%25E5%2585%25BD%25E9%259D%25A2%25E5%2587%25A4%25E9%25B8%259F%25E7%25BA%25B9.jpg)
至唐宋時期技術已經非常成熟,唐朝的銅鏡更被譽為中國最美的銅鏡,
<螺钿人物花鸟纹镜_唐>
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<唐 平螺钿背铜镜>
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKwjArrpSLg293G_Gk0IRd_5JTPe-AD0NzUdx_Uyo0xbVes5B30GcTKA33jVmZzZom3z0-vIMHaBRwl6wjuoEAhyphenhyphenp2gwPQkStXLoFhxHy5INNzraWAjQGfkAQ5a1-ZiL1sKz7XqubH-hA/s640/%25E5%2594%2590+%25E6%25AD%25A3%25E4%25BB%2593%25E9%2599%25A2%25E8%2597%258F%25E5%25B9%25B3%25E8%259E%25BA%25E9%2592%25BF%25E8%2583%258C%25E9%2593%259C%25E9%2595%259C.jpg)
明代末期,更有工匠加入了金銀絲、寶石、翡翠、瑪瑙、玳瑁等材料,螺鈿工藝慢慢成為皇室與貴族的象徵。到了清朝康乾盛事,螺鈿工藝更達到最鼎盛的時期,產生許多代表性的作品。
<红木镶嵌螺钿四季花卉屏风_元>
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2v3yrFeg6T41QVW3AnxxXtcmXTa0Z7V5KscQRrhTsVKwIhEN0qbJCNHSGXnk3IMAR1KKnGefFLp77E3tO9bNZ3Q6yIGLjh3osc7dx8xg7i4qfNcSjG54mKh68SPPJZfa6L8thzsY3kC0/s640/%25E5%25BD%25A9%25E6%25BC%2586%25E8%259E%25BA%25E9%2588%25BF%25E9%25BE%258D%25E7%25A6%258F%25E7%25A5%25A5%25E9%259B%25B2%25E5%25B1%258F%25E9%25A2%25A8.jpeg)
<螺鈿花鳥人物漆盒_清>
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6rFoJZbS56WvF2cS3loM-KEvA4wYoJX9wOHg3IjTqucyYP8eQ2QB4poxWu4iz5KksgmsGq5BvdMkZoINT-fAbbFBaqwgBO68LruOIFHb03BdjHvG10CK5N8VanCzLaGBOYr1rYTUKL6U/s640/%25E8%259E%25BA%25E9%2588%25BF%25E8%258A%25B1%25E9%25B3%25A5%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E7%2589%25A9%25E6%25BC%2586%25E7%259B%2592_%25E6%25B8%2585.jpg)
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酸枝木嵌螺钿镶理石扶手椅_清
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiynofOA6lMABdm1RM3CyPR-JXzZdk-jPVMKnXPaHNalyST3wB_SQEwrWy9RabE_4JCI3gLzHR8bRqIPhPq22K8HCkT3bx1BGCUGzljIu2Dy92nU3fFv3H87bOdAT0TQ4my0rZKIkppRr8/s640/%25E9%2585%25B8%25E6%259E%259D%25E6%259C%25A8%25E5%25B5%258C%25E8%259E%25BA%25E9%2592%25BF%25E9%2595%25B6%25E7%2590%2586%25E7%259F%25B3%25E6%2589%25B6%25E6%2589%258B%25E6%25A4%2585_%25E6%25B8%2585.jpg)
民國40年代初期(國民政府遷台),台灣木工家具業加入許多螺鈿工藝與木雕的頂尖師傅。奠定了木器產業的興盛。螺鈿工藝與木器結合的家具深受當時美國人的喜愛,因此許多鏍鈿家具外銷美國;民國60年代,加上日本實行木製家具免關稅的優惠,更讓台灣外銷訂單增添銷量。
民國70~80年,當台灣股市衝上了一萬大關,內需市場開始龐大,螺鈿所製作出的家具,也成為了台灣富裕的指標。
80年代後,隨著家具產業為了更低廉工資而外移時,台灣的螺鈿工藝不敵價格低廉的進口家具,也越來越少人願意花時間學習這樣的技術。根據螺鈿藝術家陳甫強老師的說法,目前新竹從事螺鈿工藝的師傅可能不到五位了,這樣的訊息令人感到不勝唏噓。
在查詢許多螺鈿相關文獻之後,感受到螺鈿工藝的魅力,與時代的意義。
不過這樣的技術卻因不敵市場的競爭而在台灣卻逐漸沒落感到惋惜。
在台灣,許多傳統技藝面對著相同的困境,
並不是因為媒材本身不夠好,而是在發展的過程中,往往會忽略了時代的變遷,
<日本IKINS加入螺鈿工藝的手機殼製品>
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl-ZN16QeZTqtceI9cQmYuGExVEtbC3cBgTzgXPe2Vc9hr1ZTalVmY5boMlZK1KnpiHWXOUeIl6p6tysWeYg4vFq5zgHaNMRzAfnY4Yrb7tFJaZqDp_pQvt60AjCJVFXaI23aZQm5HKUw/s640/IKINS_a.jpg)
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Harry Winston採用即將失傳的螺鈿工藝,以金線與天然銀色珍珠母貝薄片,互相交疊編織而成的「Premier」系列錶款的華麗錶面。
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTdnmlLdLfCe4zXp32_VROSN9Md3DvP9krIE1syRWSVFz4f3DDCzxC5ifXbVRKF9Ivm3zIlFNOUJmEng_VviUXCCtbXEfBpjKfIjKlIByuSGi6Xad6paAbMZgznT6Rf2gQRnDJVK4zCac/s640/iWatcHome+%25E5%259F%258E%25E9%2582%25A6%25E5%259C%258B%25E9%259A%259B%25E5%2590%258D%25E8%25A1%25A8_HARRY-WINSTON.jpg)
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt5yoNe42pFgwhWoJH8X8InaqiozFbFn-g04zDh2MOtn0FCGfLHPQtR8A4bh8FN2aV1AwbJ1nPnNXghnvOXs3WCNOWhoz1PMSSe4eqxQ3amPJ-Ji83y1DhNN4c-aiUrsI65V-AiAIaqqg/s640/36%25E6%25AF%25AB%25E7%25B1%25B3%25E8%2587%25AA%25E5%258B%2595%25E8%2585%2595%25E9%258C%25B6_HARRY-WINSTON.jpg)
百樂Pilot Capless 限量18K金螺鈿鋼筆
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR6Ytvoe80mwIVeovdp7efdfE53oQGdSKCg6ZZqfkVGboq3zt-Uo8JpgROSpLdedB1qI1le6vuWRwMKweeKR3Hk-EHpCENE1PYfx8oAx8tlc4_2OdzhglsAckErn3aIhmMDA6h_yOy0_E/s640/PILOT+%25E7%2599%25BE%25E6%25A8%2582+CAPLESS+RADEN+%25E8%259E%25BA%25E9%2588%25BF%25E9%258B%25BC%25E7%25AD%2586.jpg)
相關影片:
螺鈿薪傳工藝大師-陳甫強
彭進祿的螺鈿工藝
螺鈿藝術家-陳振芳
琉球漆器螺鈿技法
武蔵川工房(日本/薄螺鈿)
https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/culture/899eyoq.html